Family Fun Magazine 4th of July Tie Dye

March 04, 2022 Post a Comment

Technique of resist dyeing

A video about how to tie-dye

Tie-dye is a term used to draw a number of resist dyeing techniques and the resulting dyed products of these processes. The procedure of tie-dye typically consists of folding, twisting, pleating, or crumpling fabric or a garment, before binding with string or condom bands, followed by the application of dye or dyes.^[1] The manipulations of the fabric before the awarding of dye are called resists, as they partially or completely prevent ('resist') the applied dye from coloring the fabric. More sophisticated necktie-dye may involve additional steps, including an initial awarding of dye before the resist, multiple sequential dyeing and resist steps, and the utilise of other types of resists (stitching, stencils) and discharge.

Different regular resist-dyeing techniques, modern tie-dye is characterized by the utilise of bright, saturated chief colors and assuming patterns. These patterns, including the spiral, mandala, and peace sign, and the apply of multiple bold colors, have become clichéd since the pinnacle popularity of tie-dye in the United States the 1960s and 1970s. The vast majority of tie-dye garments and objects produced for wholesale distribution apply these designs, with many beingness mass-produced.

In the 21st century, a revived interest in more 'sophisticated' tie-dye techniques emerged in the fashion and hobby manufacture, characterized by simple motifs, monochromatic color schemes, a focus on fashionable garments and fabrics other than cotton,^[2] and the pursuit of tie-dye as an art form, rather than a commodity.

Dyes, fabrics, and discharge agents [edit]

A variety of dyes are used in tie-dyeing, including household, cobweb reactive, acrid, and vat dyes. Most early (1960s) tie-dyes were fabricated with retail household dyes, specially those made past Rit. These dyes were designed for use on a number of different fibre types, and consisted of several different dyes, making them less constructive^{[ how? ]} and less colourfast than purely fiber-reactive dyes.

Most tie-dyes are at present dyed with fiber-reactive dyes, a course of dyes effective on cellulose fibers such equally cotton, hemp, rayon, and linen. This class of dyes reacts with fibers at element of group i (high) pH, forming a wash-fast, permanent bond. Soda ash (sodium carbonate) is the about common agent used to raise the pH and initiate the reaction, and is either added direct to the dye or in a solution of h2o in which garments are soaked earlier dyeing. Fiber-reactives dyes are relatively safe and uncomplicated to use,^[3] and are the same dyes used commercially to colour cellulosic fabrics.

Protein-based fibers such as silk, wool, and feathers, likewise as the synthetic polyamide cobweb nylon, can be dyed with acid dyes. Acid dyes are effective at acidic (low) pH, where they form ionic bonds with the cobweb. Acrid dyes are also relatively safe (some are used as food dyes) and simple to use.^[4] Vat dyes, including indigo, are a third grade of dyes that are effective on cellulose fibers and silk. Vat dyes are insoluble in water in their unreduced form, and must exist chemically reduced before they can be used to color fabric. This is accomplished by heating the dye in a strongly bones solution of sodium hydroxide (lye) or sodium carbonate (caustic potash) containing a reducing amanuensis such as sodium hydrosulfite or thiourea dioxide. The cloth is immersed in the dye bath, and after removal, the dye oxidizes to its insoluble form, binding with high wash-fastness to the cobweb. However, vat dyes, and specially indigo, must be treated afterward dyeing by 'soaping' to prevent the dye from rubbing (crocking) off.^[5] Vat dyes can be used to simultaneously dye the fabric and to remove underlying fiber-reactive dye (i.east., can dye a blackness cotton material xanthous) because of the bleaching action of the reducing bath. The extra complexity and safety problems (particularly when using strong bases such every bit lye) restrict the use of vat dyes in tie-dye to experts.^{[ citation needed ]}

Belch agents are used to bleach color from the previously-dyed fabrics and can be used equally a opposite tie-dye, where the application of the agent results in loss of color rather than its application. Household bleach (sodium hypochlorite) can be used to belch fiber-reactive dyes on bleach-resistant fibers such as cotton or hemp, but not on wool or silk, though the results are variable, equally some fiber-reactive dyes are more resistant to bleach than others. It is of import to bleach as long as required to obtain the desired shade (which volition be lighter than observed on wet, unwashed fabric), and to neutralize the bleach with agents such every bit sodium bisulfite, to preclude damage to the fibers. Thiourea dioxide is another usually used discharge amanuensis that tin be used on cotton, wool, or silk. A thiourea dioxide discharge bath is fabricated with hot water fabricated mildly basic with sodium carbonate. The results of thiourea dioxide discharge differ significantly from bleach discharge due to the nature of the reaction. Since thiourea dioxide only bleaches in the absence of oxygen, and the material to exist bleached retains oxygen, a fractal pattern of bleaching volition exist observed. This is in distinct contrast with household bleach belch, where the bleaching amanuensis penetrates fabric easily (specially in bleach formulations containing detergent). For example, pleating fabric multiple times and clamping on a resist will yield a clear blueprint afterward outlining the resist with household bleach, but discharge with reducing agents will only partially penetrate the resisted area.

In full general, discharge techniques, peculiarly using household bleach, are a readily accessible way to tie-dye without the employ of often messy and relatively expensive dyes. Information technology is peculiarly like shooting fish in a barrel to put a design on cloth using stencils and sprayed-on solutions of household bleach, just the intricate and unintended results of discharge using reducing agents oftentimes surpass the results of oxidizing belch techniques.

Designs and patterns [edit]

Tie-dye tin can be used to create a broad diversity of designs on fabric, from standard patterns such as the spiral, peace sign, diamond, and the marble result to beautiful works of art. Using techniques such equally stencils (as in screen printing using dyes or belch pastes), clamped-on shaped blocks, and tritik (stitching and gathering), tie-dye tin produce almost any design desired. If a mod kit is used, so it is easier to accomplish a screw or circle.

History [edit]

Earliest examples [edit]

The earliest examples of tie-dye in the Far East are from Sui dynasty (5th century Advertizing) Mainland china.^[six]

The earliest surviving examples of pre-Columbian necktie-dye in Peru date from 500 to 810 Ad. Their designs include small circles and lines, with bright colors including scarlet, yellow, bluish, and greenish.^[7]

Asia [edit]

Instance of Mudmee tie-dye, an art form originating in Thailand

Shibori is a grade of tie-dye which originated in Japan, and has been good there since the 8th century. Shibori includes several labor-intensive resist techniques which include stitching elaborate patterns and tightly gathering the stitching earlier dyeing, forming intricate designs for kimono, obi and other accessories and garments. Another shibori method is to wrap the fabric effectually a core of rope, wood, or other material, and bind information technology tightly with string or thread. The areas of the fabric that are against the core or under the bounden would remain undyed.

In Republic of indonesia, especially in Java, tie-dye is known as jumputan .^[8] Other terms including plangi and tritik are Indonesian terms derived from Javanese words for methods related to tie-dye. In Indonesia, tie-dye might be combined with other dyeing technique, such as batik jumputan , which combine tie-dye with batik wax-resist dyeing.^[ix] Ikat is a method of tie-dyeing the warp or weft before the cloth is woven.

Bandhani is an Indian form of necktie-dye that originated in western Republic of india.

Mudmee tie-dye originates in Thailand and the neighboring part of Laos. It uses unlike shapes and colors from other types of tie-dye, and the colors are, in general, more subdued. Some other deviation is that the base color is black.

In the 1941 volume, "Orphans of the Pacific", about the Philippines, it was noted: "There are a few thousand Bagobos, who wearable highly decorated habiliment made of hemp cobweb, all tied-and-dyed into fancy designs, and who further ornament themselves with big metallic disks."

Africa [edit]

Tie-dye techniques have besides been used for centuries^[x] ^[11] ^[12] in the Hausa region of Due west Africa, with renowned indigo dye pits located in and around Kano, Nigeria. The necktie-dyed clothing is and so richly embroidered in traditional patterns. It has been suggested that these African techniques were the inspiration for the tie-dyed garments identified with hippie manner.^[13]

Tie-dye in the Western world [edit]

Necktie dye vendor, July 2013

Tie-dyeing was known in the US by 1909, when Professor Charles Eastward. Pellow of Columbia University acquired some samples of tie-dyed muslin and subsequently gave a lecture and live sit-in of the technique.^[xiv]

Although shibori and batik techniques were used occasionally in Western manner before the 1960s, modern psychedelic tie-dyeing did not become a fad until the tardily 1960s following the case prepare by rock stars such as Janis Joplin and John Sebastian (who did his ain dyeing).^[fifteen] The 2011 motion-picture show documentary Magic Trip, which shows apprentice film footage taken during the 1964 cross-country motorbus journey of countercultural icon Ken Kesey and his Merry Pranksters, shows the travelers developing a form of tie-dye by taking LSD abreast a pond and pouring enamel-based model airplane pigment into it, earlier placing a white T-shirt upon the surface of the h2o. Although the procedure is closer to newspaper marbling, in the accompanying narrative, the travelers claim credit for inventing tie-dyeing.^[xvi]

Tie-dyeing, particularly subsequently the introduction of affordable Rit dyes, became popular equally a cheap and attainable way to customize inexpensive T-shirts, singlets, dresses, jeans, regular army surplus vesture, and other garments into psychedelic creations.^[thirteen] ^[15] Some of the leading names in tie-dye at this fourth dimension were H2o Babe Dye Works (run past Ann Thomas and Maureen Mubeem), Bert Elation, and Upwards Tied, the latter winning a Coty Honor for "major inventiveness in fabrics" in 1970.^[15] ^[17] ^[eighteen] Upwardly Tied created necktie-dyed velvets and silk chiffons which were used for exclusive 1-of-a-kind garments by Halston, Donald Brooks, and Gayle Kirkpatrick,^[fifteen] whilst some other tie-dyer, Shine Tooth Inc., dyed garments for Dior and Jonathan Logan.^[thirteen] In late 1960s London, Gordon Deighton created tie-dyed shirts and trousers for young stylish men which he sold through the Simpsons of Piccadilly department store in London.^[19]

See as well [edit]

Batik
Psychedelic art
Bagh Prints
Shibori

Notes [edit]

References [edit]

^ (PDF). 2003-06-07 https://web.archive.org/web/20030607054739/http://textilemuseum.org/PDFs/TextileTerms.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2003-06-07. Retrieved 2021-06-11 .
^ Ebert, Erin. "Sense Of Fashion: Tie-dye gets modern". Savanna Now. Morris Publishing, Inc. Archived from the original on iii Dec 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
^ Burch, Paula. "Virtually Cobweb Reactive Dyes". All About Mitt Dyeing . Retrieved 16 November 2013.
^ Burch, Paula. "Acid Dyes". All Nigh Hand Dyeing . Retrieved sixteen November 2013.
^ "Vat Dyes" (PDF). Immersion Dyeing Using PRO Vat Dyes. PRO Chemical & Dye. Retrieved 16 Nov 2013.
^ Wada, Yoshiko Iwamoto; Rice, Mary Kellogg; Barton, Jane (2011). Shibori: The Inventive Art of Japanese Shaped Resist Dyeing (3rd ed.). New York: Kodansha U.s.. pp. 11–thirteen. ISBN978-ane-56836-396-7.
^ "Amarras Replication Inquiry". Globe Shibori Network. eight Dec 2008. Retrieved 2012-12-15 .
^ "Representing a Rainbow of Civilization". The Dki jakarta Post . Retrieved 2021-03-x .
^ "Batik Jumputan, Kain Tradisional Tie Dye Asli Indonesia". kumparan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-03-10 .
^ "Tie-dye is making a major comeback correct now — here's why". TODAY.com . Retrieved 2020-04-21 .
^ Hodgkin, Thomas (1975). Nigerian Perspectives: Historical Anthology. Oxford Paperbacks. p. 119. ISBN978-0192850553.
^ Henry, Barth (2017). Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa, Vol. ane of v: Existence a Journal of an Expedition Undertaken Under the Auspices of H. B. M. 'South Government, in the Years 1849 1855 (Classic Reprint). Forgotten Books. ISBN9781332521425.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hoffmann, Frank W.; William G. Bailey (1994). Style & merchandising fads . New York: Haworth Press. pp. 257. ISBN1560243767.
^ Pellew, Charles E. (1909). "Tied and Dyed Work: An Oriental Process with American Variations". Craftsman. 16: 695–701. Retrieved 15 Dec 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "The Psychedelic Tie-Dye Look". Fourth dimension Magazine. 26 January 1970. Archived from the original on July 12, 2007. Retrieved fourteen Dec 2012. (subscription required)
^ Alex Gibney & Alison Ellwood (2011) [with 1964 footage]. Magic Trip: Ken Kesey's Search for a Kool Identify (documentary film). U.s.: A&E IndieFilms, Phoenix Wiley.
^ Lady Fare (29 September 1970). "Bill Blass Named to Hall of Fame". The News and Courier . Retrieved fourteen December 2012.
^ McDowell, Colin (1984). McDowell's Directory of Twentieth Century Mode. Frederick Muller. pp. 299–301. ISBN0-584-11070-7.
^ "Trousers past Gordon Deighton in tie-dyed silk". V&A. Retrieved 15 Dec 2012.